Wind+In+My+Sails

__ http://www.michellehenry.fr/jamescook.htm#interact __
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__ Monday 4th April __

LI: Understand which direction to sail and identify the no sail zone while on an opti.



[|Main Points of Sailing]
The points of sailing are the most important type of theory to remember. The no go zone is about 45° either side of the true wind, which can be achieved by sailing upwind at a very fast speed. The highest rate that a sailing boat can achieve is upwind 50°-55° to true wind. As I mentioned earlier, no sail boat can sail directly into wind, which would create much drifting and can be seen when the sail begins to start luffing, which is flapping. Sail trim depends on which point sail is on. There are 5 main sailing points:
 * Close haul (45°-the least angle that the boat and it’s rig can manage, sails pulled in tightly)
 * Close reach (between close haul and broad reach, sails let out)
 * Beam reach (90° apparent to wind)


 * Broad reach (between running and a beam reach)
 * Running (close to directly downwind, sails let all the way out)

1. Head to Wind
Also known as in irons, or the no-go zone, there is a 45 degree wide band around directly upwind into which a boat cannot sail. When you're in this zone, your sails will flap, and you will not sail anywhere fast!

2. Close Hauled
This is the point of sail when the boat is headed as close to the wind as it can while still maintaining power in the sails. This is typically 45 degrees off the wind. When a boat is heading just to either side of the no go zone it is considered to be close hauled. When a boat is close hauled the sails should be trimmed in tight. The dagger board should be all the way down. On this point of sail, the boat exclusively through lift generated by the sails, much like an airplane wing.

3. Close Reach
Halfway between close hauled and a beam reach, sailing on a close reach is a comfortable point to sail to be in, with plenty of options either way. The sails should be trimmed in slightly less than when close hauled, and the centreboard or daggerboard should be three quarters down.

4. Beam Reach
The point of sail where a boat is headed 90 degrees off the wind, or directly across it. When a boat is on a beam reach, the wind is blowing across the side, or beam, of the boat, hence the name beam reach. When one is on a beam reach, the sails should be trimmed about halfway. The dagger board can be raised about halfway. On this point of sail, the boat is still mostly using the lift principle to move. On many boats, the beam reach is the fastest point of sail.

5. Broad Reach
<span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">When a boat is headed so that the wind is hitting the boat on one of its back corners. <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">On a beam reach, a boat should have its sails about ¾ of the way out. The dagger board can have about a 1/3 of its surface in the water. On this point of sail, a combination of lift, as well as the pushing force of the wind is moving the boat.

<span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">6. Run
<span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">There are two slightly variations on the run. On a training run, the boat is aimed 5-10 degrees off of a true run (directly downwind); this is much safer, because you are less likely to gybe. The sails are eased out as far as they can be, and the centreboard is only slightly down. <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">On a dead run, you are sailing directly downwind; the main sail can be on either port tack or starboard tack, and in a two-sail boat, the jib is typically goosewinged (set on the opposite side to the main sail), for more useable sail area (when not goosewinged the jib is blanketed by the main) and increased speed. <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">On a run is also the typical point of sail at which to use a spinnaker, although assymmetrical spinnakers should be used on a beam or broad reach.

<span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">**SAILING TERMS UNDERWAY- Refer to above Sailing Quadrant**

<span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">**The following six terms are points of sail:**

<span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">**Close Hauled:** Sailing as close to the wind as possible. (pointing) <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> **Close Reach:** Sailing between close hauled and beam reach. <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> **Beam Reach:** Sailing so that the wind is on the beam. (90 degrees) <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> **Broad Reach:** Sailing so that the wind is behind the beam. <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> **Running:** Sailing so that the wind is directly astern. The jib and main sails will be on opposite sides. (wing and wing)**By the Lee:** Sailing so that the wind is on the same side as where the main is carried. When running, this could happen if there is a wind shift to the side of the boat where the main is. Sailing by the lee is discouraged because it could result in an accidental Gybe. <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">**Tacking:** Turning the bow of the boat through the eye of the wind. <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> **Gybing:** Turning the stern of the boat through the eye of the wind. <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> **Luffing:** The fluttering of a Sail when a boat is pointed too close to the wind or the sail is eased out too far. <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> **In Irons:** The condition when the boat is pointed directly into the wind without steerageway. <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> **Windward:** The direction from which the wind is coming. <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> **Starboard Tack:** When the starboard side of the boat is windward. <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> **Port Tack:** When the port side of the boat is windward. <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> **Leeward:** The direction to which the wind is going. <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> **Head Up:** Turning the bow of the boat towards the eye of the wind. <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> **Bearing Away:** Turning the bow of the boat away from the eye of the wind, also referred to as bearing off or falling off <span style="color: #051a71; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> **Helms-A-Lee:** Notification that the tiller has been put to leeward to cause the boat to come about. (tacking)

__ Monday 21st and Tues 22nd March __

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">LI: Learn how different weather instruments are used to predict weather.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Thermometers <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;"> - Used to measure the temperature.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Rain Gauge <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;"> - Is a container, usually a wide tube, with an opening at the top so that it can collect rain or other precipitation that falls into it.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Barometer <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;"> - Used to measure air pressure, to see how much air is pushing onto the ground or other things. If the air pressure goes down, unsettled weather is expected in the next few days. If air pressure goes up, fine, calm weather is expected.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Hygrometer <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;"> - Used to measure humidity. In hot weather, our skin perspires. In humid weather, our perspiration does not evaporate as easily, so we feel hotter and stickier as there is more moisture on our skin. Natural way: pine cones open in dry air and close when it is humid, seaweed swells and stays moist, dandelions open in dry air and close in humid air.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Anemometer <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">- Measures wind speed. The common cup anemometer spins faster as the wind blows faster. Measured in km/h.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Weather vane or windsock <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;"> - Used to measure wind direction.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Clouds <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">High ice clouds in large amounts = Unsettled weather. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Tall heaped clouds = Possible thunderstorm with short, heavy showers. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Greenish thunderclouds = Thunderstorm with hail. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Low sheet of grey clouds = Damp, windy weather, probably with steady rain. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">No clouds, blue sky = No rain or wind, cold night ahead. ||
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">White fluffy clouds = Warm, fine weather.


 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">[[image:http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcShIyYukGNaLgfS_Si8ZmHsykWHcbiogURwbTrbqsA3PF5ptLUA1Q width="126" height="160"]] || <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">[[image:http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSV8QOq0_phwETKOxdsoWJl6_-x-eBssEoyGmAiqml8g-RFxEiAAg width="165" height="165"]] || [[image:http://www.barometers.us/aneroid-barometer-400.jpg width="162" height="162"]] || [[image:http://www.purenature24.co.uk/pictures/big/3440.jpg width="150" height="150"]] || [[image:http://vega.de.unifi.it/images/Laboratori/anemometer.jpg width="152" height="165"]] ||



__ Friday 11th March __

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">LI: Recognise and understand how different weather instruments are used to predict weather.

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__ Thurs 10th March __

LI: Name parts of the hull, sail and make different knots.

This reliable knot is quickly tied and is the hitch most often used in mooring. To tie: > > is a half hitch.
 * 1) Pass end of rope around post or other object.
 * 1) Wrap short end of rope under and over long part of rope, pushing the end down through the loop. This
 * 1) Repeat on long rope below first half hitch and draw up tight

<span style="color: #800000; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;">Bowline


This knot doesn't jam or slip when tied properly. To tie:
 * 1) Make the overhand loop with the end held toward you, then pass end through loop.
 * 2) Now pass end up behind the standing part, then down through the loop again.
 * 3) Draw up tight.

<span style="color: #800000; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;">Figure Eight
This knot is ideal for keeping the end of a rope from running out of tackle or pulley. It is also known as the stopper knot. To tie:
 * 1) Make underhand loop, bringing end around and over the standing part.
 * 2) Pass end under, then up through the loop.
 * 3) Draw up tight.

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 * __ Tues 8th & Wed 9th March 2011 __**

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">WAL: the meaning of words that are related to weather using eWord, an online weather game.

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__<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Wed 2nd March & Mon 7th March 2011 __
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Thurs: LI: Understand the process of the water cycle and words related to the water cycle. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> Activity: Water cycle activity sheet. media type="custom" key="8513412" align="center"

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Wed: LI: <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Understand how the water cycle works and how cold fronts, warm fronts, low and high pressure relates to clouds.

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">What is a water cycle? <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Today the teacher explained about the different processes involved in a water cycle. This is a diagram of what we discussed using our mimio.




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__** Monday 28th Feb & Tues 1st March 2011 **__

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">LI: Is to understand how clouds are formed.


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http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/videos/weather.html

=__Thursday 24th Feb 2011__=

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">WAL: About the different types of cloud and have an understanding of how they are formed.

http://eo.ucar.edu/webweather/cloud3.html
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<span style="background-color: #051a71; color: #f0ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Learning is fun and did we have fun!! The class learnt about how clouds are formed and were also shown pictures of different types of clouds. After this, they were given shaving foam and asked to create 3 different clouds. There was a lot of mess, laughter and craziness in class, but they all created their own cloud formation!!

<span style="background-color: #051a71; color: #f0ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Have a look below and listen to them talk about their clouds.

__Wednesday 23rd Feb 2011__
LI: Understand about hypothermia and how to prevent it from happening.

What is hypothermia?

- Hypothermia is when our body temperature drops caused by long exposure to cold weather or water.

What are the symptoms?

- Symptoms of hypothermia can include cold skin, shivering, balance problems, and lack of judgment. - In severe cases, there may be seizures and loss of consciousness.

How can you prevent hypothermia from occuring?

**Help and huddle positions** The help position in the water is assumed be placing your arms close to sides of your chest with your legs crossed in back and bent up to close off the groin area from the water. The huddle position is used when there are more than one person in the water. By having people stay together, it slows down the process of losing body core temperature. Everyone stays very close to one another and remaining as still as possible, trying to keep as much of the cold water from touching parts of the body.

**Stay calm** Stay as calm as you can be in the circumstance and try to get back into the kayak ASAP. Don't waste any unnecessary motion to get back into your kayak. If you can't get back into the kayak, at least try to get yourself on to the overturned kayak so that you are at least raised out of the water.

**Don't swim** If you aren't very close to shore, forget swimming. Swimming will increase heat loss, cramps and hypothermia will likely develop more rapidly. Stay next to your boat. Consider all the options before starting to swim.

**Dress appropriately** Always dress for the water temperature, not the air temperature. The shock of the cold water on your head when it hits the water will be dramatic. Always dress appropriately for kayaking: no jeans, shorts, cotton shirts, sneakers, etc. Always wear clothes designed for kayaking and ALWAYS wear a PFD. There should be an extra set of clothes stored in a dry bag in the hatch.

**Be prepared** Always paddle with a partner and never paddle alone. Be sure you know self rescue as well as assisted rescues since there might be a situation that both of you might be in the water at the same time.

**Get to land** If you are able to get back into your kayak, proceed to the nearest land where you can change into the extra set of dry clothes stored in the hatch.

<span style="background-color: #d4ff00; color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">LI: Recognise and identify a rip current at the beach.

=What is a Rip Current?= A rip current, sometimes referred to as a rip, is a moving current of water, sometimes strong or fast flowing. It will usually start near the shoreline and flow away from the beach. It may feel like you are in a fast moving flow of water, like being in a river or you may not notice it at all.

=__**H****ow to spot a rip**__=

<span style="background-color: #ff0000; color: #f0ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Rip currents are identified by the following:
 * <span style="background-color: #ff0000; color: #f0ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Discoloured brown water caused by sand stirred up from the bottom
 * <span style="background-color: #ff0000; color: #f0ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Foam on the surface extending beyond the break
 * <span style="background-color: #ff0000; color: #f0ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">A rippled appearance, with waves breaking on both sides of the rip, but not inside the rip
 * <span style="background-color: #ff0000; color: #f0ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Items on the water’s surface, floating seaweed on the surface of the rip.

=__**If you are caught in a rip**__=

[[image:http://www.fairymeadowsurfclub.com.au/fmslsc/images/stories/safety/rips_escape.gif width="336" height="295" align="right" caption="rips_escape"]]

 * <span style="background-color: #f0ff00; color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">Do not panic. Tread water or float and let the current take you.
 * <span style="background-color: #f0ff00; color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">Raise one arm to signal for help from a lifesaver
 * <span style="background-color: #f0ff00; color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">Never try and swim against a rip. Float out with the current and when past the breakers, swim across the rip, parallel to shore. When out of the rip, swim back to shore.

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<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 170%;">WAL: About different types of waves. = = Plunging or dumping waves break suddenly and can push swimmers to the bottom with great force, causing injury. Never try and bodysurf on a dumping wave! Spilling waves usually have less force and are the safest for body surfing. They are usually found in sheltered bays or near sandbanks. Surging waves may never actually break as they approach the water’s edge, as the water below them is very deep. These waves can knock swimmers over and drag them back into deeper water.
 * T**[[image:http://www.fairymeadowsurfclub.com.au/fmslsc/images/stories/safety/wave_type.gif width="424" height="466" align="right" caption="wave_type"]]**ype of Waves**

Waves
Swimmers should be aware of the various types of waves and tides to help ensure they enjoy the beach more safely. When large surf or other dangerous conditions affect the coastline, Surf Life Saving will generally send out a warning asking beach goers to ensure they stay only in patrolled swimming areas. Surging waves may never actually break as they approach the water's edge, as the water below them is very deep.
 * [[image:http://lifesavingfoundation.com.au/inc/images/surging_wave.gif align="center" caption="Surging Waves"]]
 * SURGING WAVES**

These waves are very dangerous as they can knock swimmers over and drag them back into deep water. || Spilling waves usually have less force and are the safest for body surfing.
 * [[image:http://lifesavingfoundation.com.au/inc/images/spilling_wave.gif align="center" caption="Spilling Waves"]]
 * SPILLING WAVES**

They are usually found in sheltered bays where the sea floor slopes gradually and near sandbanks at high tide. || These waves break suddenly and can throw you to the bottom with great force. Plunging or dumping waves also cause rip currents to form.
 * [[image:http://lifesavingfoundation.com.au/inc/images/plunging_wave.gif align="center" caption="Plunging or Dumping Waves"]]
 * PLUNGING or DUMPING WAVES**

These waves usually occur at low tide and where sandbanks are shallow and can cause injuries to swimmers, particularly spinal and head injuries. Never try and bodysurf on a dumping wave! || = = =__//Tues 15th Feb 2011//__=
 * [[image:http://lifesavingfoundation.com.au/inc/images/large_waves.gif align="center" caption="Large Surf"]]
 * LARGE SURF**
 * Tips for large surf conditions:**
 * Always swim between the red and yellow flags.
 * If the red flag is displayed, the beach is closed for swimmers.
 * Swimmers should avoid creek and river mouths as currents are often stronger when large surf is running.
 * Only experienced board riders should go out in these conditions.
 * Surfers should always surf with a partner.
 * Safety Warning:**
 * When the surf increases it is a timely reminder for people to continue to keep their safety in mind.
 * When very large surf pounds the coast it is vital that anyone heading to the coast remembers to swim only in patrolled areas.
 * It is so important that people heed this safety warning, and if beaches are closed to stay out of the water and listen to the advice of the surf lifesavers and lifeguards.
 * If the beaches are closed, a red flag will fly and lifesavers will remain on the beach to encourage people to stay out of the water.
 * When the surf increases, particularly when cyclone activity is present off Australia, board riders are also very keen to enjoy the conditions.
 * Board riders of course cannot go in patrolled areas, so we urge only experienced riders to take on the surf and always stay with a friend and near a patrolled location.
 * When the surf conditions are dangerous, it is also important that people stay away from river mouths and estuaries where strong currents can be present. ||
 * [[image:http://lifesavingfoundation.com.au/inc/images/king_tides.gif caption="King Tides"]] || **KING TIDES**
 * What are King Tides?**
 * The king tides cause large movements of water and generally add to the unstable conditions.
 * Large surf and dangerous rips usually present on all open stretches of beach.
 * Areas most dangerous during these conditions are beaches affected by river systems, such as Maroochydore, Caloundra, Noosa, Tallebudgera, and Currumbin.
 * Beaches that do not have river mouths close by remain unstable when the large swell pushes through, causing large flash rips to appear on the beaches.
 * Rips are intensified in the outgoing tide, and with the influence of the king tides, rips are more severe.
 * Safety Warning:**
 * It is vital that people do not become complacent in the surf during king tide conditions.
 * During king tides it is so important for people to swim only in patrolled areas, and not be tempted to go for a swim at an unpatrolled beach.
 * With the king tides present, it is also important to show extreme caution at beaches that have river mouths nearby. It only takes a few seconds for a current to sweep a swimmer into deeper water and get into trouble.
 * If swimmers do get into trouble in a current, they should remain calm, float out with the current, and then swim across the current parallel to shore, before swimming back to the beach. They should also raise one arm to signal for help from a lifesaver or lifeguard on patrol. ||
 * If swimmers do get into trouble in a current, they should remain calm, float out with the current, and then swim across the current parallel to shore, before swimming back to the beach. They should also raise one arm to signal for help from a lifesaver or lifeguard on patrol. ||

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 160%;">LI: Discuss and share our views on a variety of water safety questions.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">1. Why is it important to have an adult watch over you when you are swimming at a beach?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- In case something goes wrong, they can rescue you (Antony). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- So adults can tell the lifeguards (Alex).

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">2. Why is it important to stay between the flags?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- There may be rocks or other objects in the way that may hurt you (Bakhtiyar). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- In case you get into a rip (Raymond). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- It is where the lifeguard will be on duty (Jarod). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- It is a safe area to be in (Mikayla).

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">3. What is meant by knowing your limits?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- Knowing how well you can swim and how far you can go (Sophia). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- So you know when to stop (Freyana).

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">4. Why should you never swim or surf alone?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- If something happens, no-one is there to help you (Amy).

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">5. What would make you have doubts about swimming or surfing at a beach and stay out of the water?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- No swimming sign (Raymond). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- Lots of rocky area (Andrew). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- If a beach is closed (Larissa). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- If there is a siren it means that there is a shark in the water, so KEEP OUT (Mikayla). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- Watch out for any warning signs.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">6. Why is it important to use correct and safe equipment?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- You might get dragged out to sea (Jacob M). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- It will prevent drowning (Limal). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- It will prevent you from slipping and getting hurt (Alex).

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">7. Why is it important to take advice from lifeguards?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- They have experience (Joyce). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- They are like a teacher at the beach (Raymond).

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">8. Why is it important to be aware of rips and currents?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- You can drown (Meng Xin). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- To stay safe (Jasmine). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- You can avoid sharp rocks (Tim). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- Avoid getting hurt (Emily). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- You won't get dragged out to sea (Limal).

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">9. Why should you not swim when tired and cold?

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- You can get sick or get hypothermia (Jarod). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- You may not have enough energy and drown (Meng Xin). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">- You might faint in the water (Raymond).